Optical Devices: Microscope: 1595 - Hans and Zacharias Jansen of the Netherlands 17C: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek a Dutch amateur scientist - discovered "little animamlcules" first descriptions of microscopic items - invention of microscope lead to "microbiology"
Telescope:Galileo - Italian Scientist made amazing astronomical discoveries - mountains and craters on the moon, small objects circling Jupiter and Venus had phases just like the moon